Its about The Law, the Deals, and the Future as Emeka U. Opara Dissects Africa’s Global Partnerships and Prospects

Africa and the European Union

With your extensive background in international law, how do you assess the EU’s role in Africa’s economic and political development, particularly through agreements like the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs)? Do these agreements foster real progress, or do they reinforce dependency?

I have a foundational understanding of the World Trade Organization (WTO). During my Master’s programme in International Law at the University of Leiden, I took a course on WTO Law. Though I did not sit for the exam, I received a certificate of attendance.

Regarding your question, I would approach it with caution. On paper, EPAs appear beneficial, promising to enhance trade between Africa and the EU. However, in practice, EU states maximise their advantages while offering minimal benefits to African countries. The EU has two main priorities: first, ensuring a steady flow of raw materials from Africa; and second, enforcing stringent standards on these exports. While these priorities may not be explicitly stated in agreements, they are evident in practice. I do not entirely blame the EU—it is natural for states to negotiate in their own interests. However, many African governments, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, fail to do the same. This imbalance makes EPAs seem benign at first glance but problematic upon deeper examination.

Take Nigeria, for example. Two major obstacles hinder its success in trade agreements. First, the country does not deploy the right expertise. When selecting trade delegates, the focus is often on political or ethnic considerations rather than expertise in international trade law. Second, Nigeria lacks the capacity to compete effectively in global markets. We must empower our industries to go beyond raw materials and move up the value chain. This requires targeted policies, investments in education, and reforms to ensure that international trade law is a fundamental part of legal education. European countries have long positioned themselves for global trade through structured education and policy alignment—Africa must do the same.

Another critical issue is Nigeria’s outdated Customs and Excise Act. This colonial-era legislation is one of the most obstructive laws in our statute books. It was created under the assumption that public officers would adhere strictly to regulations, but today, corruption undermines its effectiveness. Customs, immigration, and other trade-related agencies must undergo a comprehensive reform to align with modern economic realities.

If these foundational issues are addressed, Nigeria and the broader West African region could unlock significant trade potential. Currently, Nigeria captures less than 10% of its possible trade benefits within West Africa alone. In the long run, once African nations develop their capacity, the EU will be compelled to renegotiate EPAs on a more equal footing. This will reveal the true nature of these agreements—structured primarily for European gains rather than Africa’s prosperity.

While the EU advocates for human rights and democracy in Africa, critics argue that its policies often carry neocolonial undertones. How can African nations ensure equitable partnerships while safeguarding their sovereignty and policy independence?

Your premise is entirely accurate. However, African nations must also acknowledge their role in perpetuating these imbalances. The EU’s influence can only succeed to the extent that Africa allows it. To resist unfair policies, Africa must project strength—a continent defined by innovation, education, and competent governance, rather than one weighed down by corruption and instability.

How can Africa secure equitable partnerships while continuing with outdated governance models? Nigeria, for example, must address illiteracy, governance failures, and policy inconsistencies. Leadership should prioritise development over ethnic or religious biases. There is a stark difference between genuine faith and religious extremism that hinders progress. The same governors who halt education for religious observances are often those who embezzle funds meant for improving schools.

During President Goodluck Jonathan’s administration, certain governors acted in ways that compromised national stability, and the United States engaged with them diplomatically. Had Nigerian leadership been stronger and more unified, external interference would have been less effective.

To negotiate effectively with the EU or any global power, Africa must first address its internal challenges. A united, educated, and economically empowered Africa will command respect in international negotiations, ensuring that partnerships are built on fairness rather than dependency.

Migration Policies Between Africa and the EU

Migration policies between Africa and the European Union (EU) remain contentious. While Europe continues to tighten its borders, Africa grapples with the challenges of brain drain. How can legal frameworks be strengthened to address these migration challenges in a way that benefits both regions?

The core issue is not merely legal but strategic. African states must insist on fair treatment of their citizens and apply the principle of reciprocity in migration negotiations. Notably, former Nigerian Head of State, Olusegun Obasanjo, implemented policies that bolstered national pride and reinforced the country’s international standing. Similarly, while African migrants face strict entry barriers in the EU, European companies operate freely across Africa. By leveraging their economic significance, African nations can advocate for better treatment of their citizens at EU borders and within its member states.

However, it is ultimately a sovereign right of any country to regulate entry. Over time, restrictive EU policies may prove counterproductive. If African nations implement sustained good governance reforms over a decade, improving economic conditions and creating opportunities at home, migration patterns could shift. In such a scenario, fewer Africans would feel compelled to seek opportunities abroad under difficult conditions.

Africa and the United States

The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) has shaped US-Africa trade relations but is set to expire in 2025. What legal and economic strategies should African nations adopt to reduce reliance on AGOA and establish sustainable trade with the US?

The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) has been a cornerstone of US-Africa trade relations, but with its scheduled expiration in 2025, African nations must develop sustainable trade strategies beyond AGOA.

To achieve this, African states should:

1. Enhance Value Addition – Raw materials should only be exported after reaching at least a median stage in the value chain to maximise economic benefits.
2. Avoid Internal Sabotage – Africa’s biggest challenge often comes from within. Countries like Nigeria must take a leadership role in fostering continental trade rather than inadvertently undermining it.
3. Recognise the Political Nature of Trade – While trade and politics are often presented as separate, Western powers, including the US, use political leverage to shape economic realities in Africa. African nations must push back against economic and political blackmail that stifles local industries.

Furthermore, diplomatic appointments play a crucial role in trade strategy. African trade attachés in key global markets, such as New York, must be selected based on expertise rather than political patronage. These representatives should possess deep knowledge of international trade and economic intelligence, ensuring they contribute meaningfully to trade negotiations and policy decisions. Currently, the selection and training processes for such officials remain weak, raising concerns about their effectiveness.

US Sanctions on Africa: Effectiveness and Impact

The US frequently imposes sanctions on African nations over alleged human rights violations and governance failures. Are these sanctions effective in promoting accountability, or do they erode African sovereignty and economic stability?

The United States frequently imposes sanctions on African nations for alleged human rights violations and governance failures. However, the effectiveness of these sanctions in promoting accountability remains debatable.

Recent revelations have highlighted inconsistencies in US foreign policy towards Africa. The imposition of sanctions, while advocating for democracy, appears contradictory when juxtaposed with instances where Western powers influence electoral outcomes. For example, recently declassified documents have raised questions about external involvement in Nigeria’s 2023 elections.

Ultimately, governance reforms must originate from within Africa. Citizens must demand accountability and reject leaders who rise to power through ethnic or political manipulation rather than merit. A governance culture rooted in transparency and competence is essential for Africa’s long-term stability and development.

Navigating Global Power Struggles: Africa, the US, and China

As China’s influence in Africa grows, the US has sought to counterbalance it through initiatives like Prosper Africa. How can African nations navigate these competing global interests while safeguarding their strategic priorities?

Africa’s geopolitical significance stems from three main factors:

1. Abundant Natural Resources – Africa remains a key supplier of minerals essential for global industries.
2. Labour Market – The continent offers a vast workforce, often at lower costs.
3. Governance Deficiencies – Weak institutions make it easier for external actors to exert influence.

To shift from being a geopolitical battleground to an economic powerhouse, African nations must prioritise:

• Infrastructure Development – Investments in energy and transportation will drive industrialisation.
• Workforce Protection – Policies must safeguard African workers in foreign-owned enterprises.
• Strategic Diplomacy – African leaders must negotiate from a position of strength, ensuring mutually beneficial partnerships rather than dependency.

With a decade of sustained reforms, Africa could reposition itself as a global player rather than a passive recipient of foreign influence.

Strengthening Democracy in Africa: Legal and Structural Reforms

Despite the existence of legal frameworks supporting democracy, challenges such as electoral fraud, judicial interference, and prolonged presidential terms persist across Africa. What structural reforms are necessary to reinforce democratic governance?

Judicial reform remains a critical issue. Professor Chidi Odinkalu, a prominent advocate for legal reforms in Nigeria and across Africa, has repeatedly highlighted the need for judicial independence. His advocacy has made him both a respected voice and a controversial figure among judicial elites.

Electoral fraud in Nigeria, for instance, has evolved over time, becoming more sophisticated with each election cycle. The real turning point will come when an African head of state demonstrates a genuine commitment to electoral integrity—even at the cost of personal political loss. Leadership by example will set the precedent for credible elections.

Additionally, Africa must develop a governance model tailored to its unique socio-political realities. The American presidential system, which grants extensive executive powers, may not be entirely suitable for African nations with weaker institutional checks. A hybrid model, blending elements of the US and UK systems while incorporating African cultural governance structures, could be more effective.

Ultimately, strengthening democracy in Africa requires more than just legal reforms—it demands a fundamental shift in leadership culture and political accountability.

Strengthening Africa’s Human Rights Framework

The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights has been criticised for its weak enforcement mechanisms. What legal reforms could enhance Africa’s human rights framework and ensure effective enforcement?

Certain provisions in the Charter are ambiguously worded, allowing for divergent interpretations. Nevertheless, despite these challenges, the African Court has managed to develop some jurisprudence based on the Charter.

To improve enforcement, the Charter could be amended, or an entirely new treaty could be negotiated. However, a major concern is that a new treaty may not garner the same level of support as the existing one, despite its implementation challenges. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides provisions that address situations where some signatories of an existing treaty refuse to accept a new one or certain provisions of it. Articles 39, 40, and 41 of the Vienna Convention specifically outline the procedures for treaty modifications and adaptations.

Safeguarding Judicial Independence in Africa

Judicial independence remains a critical challenge in many African democracies, with allegations of executive interference in court rulings. What legal safeguards can be implemented to uphold judicial integrity and the rule of law?

A key reform would be to remove the Chief Judge from heading both the judicial disciplinary body and the judicial appointment committee. Additionally, executive influence over judicial appointments should be eliminated. The trend of appointing judges based on political affiliations—such as the selection of spouses of politicians—should be replaced with a more transparent, merit-based system.

The Bar should play a more significant role in the selection process, as legal practitioners have a deeper understanding of who is both competent and ethical. Only individuals with sound legal and ethical standards can make fair and impartial judges.

However, the Bar itself faces challenges. While the judiciary is perceived as being largely under executive control, the Bar has, in some cases, become a tool for political interests. There is a growing culture of silence, with reports of senior judges subtly warning lawyers that their prospects for attaining the rank of Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) could be jeopardised if they openly criticise the judiciary. The Body of Senior Advocates of Nigeria (BOSAN) now appears to be an institution reluctant to challenge judicial misconduct. To address this, a more rigorous disciplinary mechanism should be established to hold both judges and lawyers accountable.

Africa’s Engagement with the ICC and the Case for Regional Accountability

International courts, particularly the International Criminal Court (ICC), have faced accusations of disproportionately targeting African leaders. Should Africa develop its own regional accountability mechanisms, or is continued engagement with the ICC—under reformed conditions—a better path forward?

As part of the global legal system, Africa cannot afford to completely disengage from the ICC. The ICC cannot realistically prosecute every violation of international humanitarian law, the laws of war, or human rights abuses during conflicts. Thus, establishing a regional tribunal to address egregious human rights violations, particularly during armed conflicts, would be a logical step.

However, the ICC remains necessary. In many cases, African leaders accused of serious crimes are beyond the reach of national or regional judicial mechanisms, making ICC intervention essential. While Europe has largely moved beyond internal conflicts akin to Africa’s, historical factors such as colonial-era partitions continue to fuel tensions across the continent.

The ICC itself requires reforms. Over the past decade, concerns have emerged regarding the influence of religious and ideological biases within the court, including allegations of anti-Semitism. Such factors could undermine the ICC’s mission more than the perception that it disproportionately targets African leaders. A reformed ICC, coupled with a robust African regional accountability mechanism, could provide a balanced approach to addressing human rights violations on the continent.

A seasoned legal professional with over three decades of distinguished practice, Emeka U. Opara is an accomplished advocate, legal strategist, and policy expert with a strong track record in public international law, human rights, and institutional legal frameworks. With an unwavering commitment to justice and an exceptional ability to articulate compelling legal arguments, he has consistently delivered groundbreaking legal solutions both in private practice and public service.

Emeka U. Opara  is widely recognised for his meticulous legal drafting, courtroom advocacy, and innovative approach to dispute resolution. His tenure as Senior Special Assistant (Legal Matters) to the Governor of Imo State saw him spearheading executive bills and key policy initiatives. As Principal Attorney at The City of Law, he has handled complex litigation, high-profile negotiations, and corporate advisory services with a commitment to ethical and impactful legal practice.

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Progress Amidst Fragmentation

The region’s defence industry, though fragmented, has seen notable progress. Countries such as South Africa, Nigeria, Egypt, and Algeria have made significant strides towards military self-sufficiency. South Africa, through Denel, has long been a leader in military production, manufacturing sophisticated weaponry, armoured vehicles, and missile technology. Nigeria, through the Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria (DICON), has intensified efforts in small arms production and is collaborating with foreign partners to develop indigenous military capabilities.

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Egypt stands as one of the continent’s most advanced military producers, manufacturing a range of weapons, armoured vehicles, and even assembling fighter jets. Algeria, leveraging its economic strength, has heavily invested in domestic arms production. Meanwhile, countries such as Ethiopia, Kenya, and Ghana are slowly emerging as players in the sector, exploring partnerships to boost local manufacturing.

A major challenge Africa faces in building its defence industry is fragmentation. Unlike Europe, where collective defence mechanisms such as the European Defence Fund foster collaboration among nations, Africa lacks a unified military-industrial framework. While the African Union (AU) has made attempts to promote security cooperation, these efforts have yet to translate into a cohesive defence strategy.

Regional Collaboration: A Path Forward

A potential solution lies in regional collaborations. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) could spearhead joint military manufacturing projects. Pooling resources would lower production costs and ensure standardisation of weapons across multiple nations. A coordinated approach would not only strengthen Africa’s defence capabilities but also enhance interoperability among its armed forces.

Investment and Economic Prospects: The Business of War

Military manufacturing is not just about security; it is also an economic driver. Africa currently spends billions annually on arms imports. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), the continent accounted for 5.1% of global arms imports between 2018 and 2022, with major suppliers including Russia (40%), China (13%), and the United States (11%). Redirecting even a fraction of these expenditures into local production could significantly impact employment, technology transfer, and economic growth.

Some African nations have begun to explore defence exports. South Africa already supplies military hardware to multiple countries, while Egypt has ambitions of becoming a regional arms supplier. Expanding domestic production to supply African nations could reduce dependency on external players while strengthening economic ties within the continent.

Funding, Technology, and Political Challenges

Building a sustainable defence industry comes with considerable challenges. First, funding remains a major hurdle. Defence manufacturing requires substantial capital investment, which many African nations struggle to secure due to economic constraints. Foreign direct investment (FDI) and public-private partnerships could offer a pathway to overcoming this financial barrier.

Secondly, technological expertise is a limiting factor. Advanced military hardware, such as fighter jets, drones, and missile systems, requires specialised knowledge. Africa’s reliance on foreign technical expertise restricts its ability to produce cutting-edge weaponry. Strengthening science and engineering education, as well as securing technology transfers through strategic partnerships, could help bridge this gap.

Political instability also presents a significant challenge. Many African nations experience frequent leadership changes, policy inconsistencies, and bureaucratic inefficiencies that hinder long-term defence planning. A stable and transparent governance structure is crucial to sustaining military-industrial growth.

The Path to Military Independence

For Africa to establish a formidable defence industry, several key strategies must be pursued. First, regional collaboration is essential. The establishment of an African Defence Production Alliance could unify efforts, much like NATO’s defence industry collaborations. Secondly, strategic partnerships with countries such as Turkey, Brazil, and India—nations that have successfully built their own defence industries—could provide crucial expertise and technological support.

Finally, African nations must view defence manufacturing as a long-term investment rather than an immediate necessity. A phased approach, beginning with small arms and gradually advancing to high-tech weaponry, would be more sustainable. With political will, strategic investment, and regional cooperation, Africa can indeed forge its path towards military self-sufficiency and emerge as a key player in the global defence industry.

The vision of an Africa that produces its own military power is ambitious but achievable. While challenges exist, the momentum is growing, and the economic and security benefits are undeniable. If African nations can overcome the hurdles of funding, technology, and coordination, the continent could transition from being a consumer of defence technology to a formidable force in the global arms industry. The future of Africa’s defence industry is being written today—one factory, one innovation, and one collaboration at a time.

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Leading this charge, Nigerian artists such as Ahmed Ololade, better known as Asake, and the globally acclaimed Burna Boy have captivated fans around the world. Their innovative sound and compelling artistry have solidified their positions as key figures in the global music industry, making substantial contributions to Afrobeats’ worldwide popularity.

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The Pursuit of Global Music Domination

While the rise of Afrobeats presents vast opportunities, it is not without its challenges. Several factors hinder the genre’s quest for global dominance. Firstly, the industry faces significant infrastructural and financial obstacles. Although streaming platforms provide access to international audiences, many artists still struggle with issues related to distribution, record label support, and financial backing for production and marketing.

Another challenge lies in the perception of African music internationally. While Afrobeats is experiencing a surge in popularity, misconceptions persist, with some viewing the genre as catering only to niche markets. Additionally, the need for tailored promotional strategies to penetrate different cultural contexts remains crucial. Artists must strike a balance between authenticity and broader accessibility, ensuring their music retains its essence while appealing to global listeners.

Recent Developments and New Music Releases

As the musical landscape continues to evolve, Friday has become synonymous with new releases, offering listeners fresh sounds from emerging and established artists alike. This week’s edition of New Music Friday expands the Afrobeats repertoire with an exciting lineup:

 Qing Madi – I’m The Blueprint (Album): A highly anticipated album that showcases Qing Madi’s unique take on contemporary Afrobeats while drawing influences from various genres.

 Black Sherif ft. Fireboy DML – So It Goes: A vibrant collaboration blending soulful melodies with infectious rhythms, capturing the essence of modern Afrobeats.

 Shoday ft. Soundz – Blessings: A celebration of resilience and gratitude, weaving a compelling narrative through rhythm and lyrics.

 Ayo Maff – Panic: A high-energy track designed to get listeners moving, highlighting Ayo Maff’s dynamic musical style.

 Yung Alpha ft. Davido – Sober: A fusion of heartfelt lyrics and captivating beats, bringing together rising star Yung Alpha and Afrobeats heavyweight Davido.

 Boy Spyce – I’ll Be There: An emotive song that seamlessly blends melodic hooks with depth, reinforcing Boy Spyce’s place in the evolving Afrobeats scene.

 Boypee ft. Brown Joel & Hyce – Synergy (EP): A collaborative effort underscoring the power of teamwork in music, set to resonate with a broad audience.

 Wurld ft. Walshy Fire – Outside: A dynamic fusion of Afrobeats and dance elements, showcasing Wurld’s versatility and artistic flair.

As music continues to serve as a cornerstone of human existence, Afrobeats stands at the forefront of Africa’s growing influence in the global music industry. While challenges persist, the genre’s ability to adapt, innovate, and resonate with diverse audiences paves the way for future growth. The latest releases reflect the vibrancy and richness of Afrobeats, further cementing its status as a dominant force in global music. As we embrace these sounds and stories, we are reminded of music’s profound power to inspire, unite, and elevate cultures worldwide.

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Addressing leaders from Brazil, Russia, India, and China at the 16th BRICS Summit in Kazan, Russia, President Ramaphosa stressed the need for collective action to tackle global challenges, including terrorism, cybercrime, and emerging threats from new technologies such as artificial intelligence.

Call for Renewed Security Cooperation

Ramaphosa highlighted the importance of multilateral efforts among BRICS countries to foster mutual trust and practical collaboration. “It is through cooperation, not competition, that we can address the complex security issues facing the world today,” he stated. His call for renewed security cooperation comes at a time when multilateralism is under strain, and global challenges are increasingly interconnected.

The President also pointed to rising instability in various regions and the growing threat of cybercrime as critical issues BRICS must address. He stressed that working together as a bloc would enable BRICS to tackle these challenges effectively while safeguarding the interests of the Global South.

South Africa’s Vision for G20 Leadership

Looking ahead, Ramaphosa announced that South Africa will assume the G20 Presidency next year under the theme “Solidarity, Equality, and Sustainable Development.” He framed this as an opportunity for South Africa to rally international support for practical solutions to global issues, particularly in the areas of security and sustainable development.

He emphasised that solidarity between nations is crucial for addressing shared challenges. “In an interconnected world, the challenges faced by one nation affect all nations. We must advance mutual support to ensure fair treatment and equitable opportunities for all,” Ramaphosa noted.

BRICS Expansion: A Voice for the Global South

A key highlight of the summit was the expansion of BRICS, with the inclusion of Argentina, Egypt, and Ethiopia. Ramaphosa described this as a significant moment for the Global South, showcasing the growing relevance and influence of BRICS on the world stage. “The expansion of BRICS is evidence of the increasing value of our cooperation,” he remarked.

The addition of these emerging economies is expected to enhance BRICS’ role in shaping a more multipolar world order. This expansion aligns with BRICS’ objective of representing the interests of developing nations and providing a counterbalance to Western dominance.

Ramaphosa reiterated BRICS’ commitment to advocating for a fairer global governance system, including the reform of international institutions like the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). He stressed the need for an inclusive and representative UNSC, arguing that its current structure fails to reflect the interests of the global community.

BRICS and Africa: Partners in Development

For South Africa, BRICS represents a crucial platform for advancing Africa’s development. Ramaphosa emphasised that BRICS can play a vital role in supporting the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), particularly by promoting industrialisation and the production of manufactured goods.

He expressed hope that BRICS nations would invest in Africa’s industrial growth to reduce reliance on raw material exports. Ramaphosa also reaffirmed South Africa’s commitment to neutrality in global geopolitics, positioning the country as a non-aligned partner dedicated to peace and cooperation. “As BRICS countries, we demonstrate the benefits of cooperation over competition,” he added.

Addressing Global Conflicts and Injustice

Ramaphosa also addressed global conflicts, drawing parallels between South Africa’s anti-apartheid struggle and the plight of the Palestinian people. He reaffirmed South Africa’s support for the Palestinian cause and expressed concern over the escalating violence in the region.

He urged the international community to work towards peace and security through collective will, criticising the UNSC for its failure to maintain international peace. Ramaphosa called on BRICS to use its influence to advocate for reforms within the UNSC and other international bodies to make them more representative and inclusive.

A New Path for BRICS

As BRICS evolves with the inclusion of new members and expands its global footprint, Ramaphosa underscored the importance of maintaining unity and building consensus. He expressed confidence that BRICS, through collective effort, can address pressing global issues such as climate change, security threats, and economic inequality.

In conclusion, President Ramaphosa thanked Russian President Vladimir Putin for hosting the summit and reiterated the importance of BRICS in shaping a fair and just global order for all.

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Telemedicine refers to the delivery of healthcare services through telecommunications technology, addressing the challenges of unequal access to healthcare. Rural and underserved communities often face significant barriers, such as geographical isolation and limited access to specialised care. Telemedicine bridges this gap by enabling remote consultations, diagnostics, and follow-up care, allowing patients to receive medical attention without the need to travel long distances.

The proliferation of smartphones and mobile health (mHealth) applications has significantly boosted the reach of telemedicine. Patients can now access health information, schedule appointments, and communicate with healthcare providers seamlessly. Apps designed for managing chronic conditions empower patients to take control of their health while enabling real-time monitoring and data sharing with medical teams.

A particularly noteworthy development is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into telemedicine platforms. AI-driven chatbots can triage symptoms, provide preliminary diagnoses, and recommend next steps, thus streamlining the care process. This technology proved especially beneficial during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the demand for telehealth services surged. Hospitals and clinics that incorporated AI into their telemedicine systems were able to manage patient flow more effectively, ensuring timely care for those in need.

Telemedicine has also revolutionised mental healthcare, a field often fraught with stigma and access issues. Virtual therapy sessions are becoming increasingly popular, enabling individuals to connect with licensed therapists from the comfort of their homes. This has been vital for people in areas with a shortage of mental health professionals.

Youth mental health programmes, in particular, have harnessed telemedicine to provide counselling and support services in schools and community centres. By normalising access to mental health resources and removing logistical barriers, these initiatives encourage young people to seek help without fear of judgment.

Despite the progress made, the rapid expansion of telemedicine is not without challenges. Regulatory hurdles, reimbursement policies, and concerns around privacy and data security remain significant obstacles to widespread adoption. Different countries and regions have varying telehealth regulations, causing confusion for both providers and patients.

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In response, healthcare organisations are advocating for standardised policies that prioritise patient safety while encouraging the growth of telemedicine. As policymakers increasingly recognise the importance of telehealth in modern healthcare, efforts are underway to create unified regulations that support innovation while safeguarding patient rights.

Telemedicine is redefining healthcare access across Africa, providing innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. By leveraging technology, healthcare providers can reach underserved populations, enhance patient engagement, and improve health outcomes. While obstacles remain, the commitment to expanding telemedicine reflects a broader vision of equitable, accessible, and patient-centred healthcare for all. As we continue to navigate the complexities of healthcare delivery, telemedicine stands at the forefront of a revolution, promising a healthier future for communities across the continent.

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As the past few weeks have shown, there is so much that can still happen until November. We don’t know how people will see and feel the economy by then, how the wars in Ukraine and Gaza will develop, who will show up and vote, or how third-party candidates will affect the race. We have to come to terms with the fact that this is a close race and will probably remain so.

Add to that that polling in the U.S. has been seriously skewed for several election cycles in a row. Ever since the surprise election of Donald Trump in 2016, pollsters have claimed to have fixed the issue(s), but that remains to be seen. As I have argued in a recent piece for the U.S. magazine Newsweek, with months to go until election day, it also really doesn’t matter whether one is a point or two behind or ahead. What matters is to have the right game plan to win the race.

Political scientists have always been interested in elections, but their main ambition was to predict the outcome or even to prove that campaigns don’t matter. As a PhD in political science turned spin doctor, I always found the actor perspective more interesting. In other words, what can or should be done to win an election?

The fact that Joe Biden endorsed Kamala Harris when he withdrew his own candidature set in motion a dynamic where Democrats immediately coalesced behind the incumbent vice president. Within a week, she apparently raised 200 million USD and signed up close to 200’000 volunteers. These two numbers illustrate the enthusiasm of the Democratic base for Kamala Harris. It’s a welcome development for Democrats and may help them close what in the jargon of politicians is called the “enthusiasm gap,” meaning that until lately, Republican voters were more motivated for their top candidate and to turn out and vote than their Democratic counterparts.

Kamala Harris has also had a great campaign start online. Beyoncé and Charli XCX have both implicitly or explicitly endorsed her. In general, I am sceptical about the endorsing power of celebrities, that is, they cannot deliver votes per se. A recent study conducted by USA Today and Suffolk University has confirmed that yet again. For me as a political consultant, the question is always how to use an endorsement strategically and how it fits into the overall campaign plan. In the case of Harris, it’s to use it as a bridge to younger voters and a door opener. Their goal is to introduce her as someone that younger voters can relate to better than somebody like Trump or Biden, for that matter. A lot of the traffic generated online around Charli XCX’s brat girl summer is apparently organic. That is, of course, of particular value, as I have long been highly sceptical about the value of bought online traffic and engagement. Again, this is a welcome development for Democrats, as they have not been polling as well as they should among younger voters during the past months.

From a campaign perspective, I would certainly try to maximise the online engagement, but I would in no way rely on it nor expect too much from it. Younger voters (at least in the Western world) have been notoriously unreliable to turn out and vote. It is highly likely that in the end, the 2024 U.S. presidential race will be decided by swing voters.

Every election campaign is always a competition about which side can define themselves and the other side first. In most polls, a majority of voters say that overall they have an unfavourable opinion about Harris. It’s fair to say, however, that for many voters, this is an impression that they have of Harris and not a final verdict. Public opinion about her is still rather undefined and can change. That’s why timing is of essence in this case. Kamala Harris and her team have to define themselves before Donald Trump and Republicans get a chance to do so, and they will not waste time. In other words, Harris better get ready for a barrage of negative attack ads on her coming from Trump and Republicans.

Negative campaigning is as old as election campaigns themselves. In the U.S., due to the political culture and the electoral system, they are however carried out in a very explicit manner. In an election, voters ultimately have to make a choice, and that’s why election campaigns are all about drawing contrast and highlighting differences.

One of Harris’ major vulnerabilities is certainly the situation at the southern border. It’s an issue that overwhelmingly plays in favour of Donald Trump. To their defence, Democrats can legitimately say that it was Donald Trump himself who killed the bipartisan border bill. But then again, why did Democrats ignore the issue during the first three years of the term?

And beyond the issue of immigration, in almost every poll, a majority of voters disapprove of the job Joe Biden does as president and think that the country goes in the wrong direction. As I write in my new book “Beat the Incumbent: Proven Strategies and Tactics to Win Election,” elections with an incumbent are foremost a referendum on the incumbent. Strategically speaking, Donald Trump and Republicans have to tie Kamala Harris to Joe Biden’s record. After all, she obviously was part of the Biden-Harris administration.

It’s been said that great campaigns are never a rerun of previous great campaigns. In that sense, I have long argued that Donald Trump needs to reinvent himself. I don’t mean to be cynical, but the assassination attempt on him would have been an opportunity to do so. During a crisis, one always has to think of pictures, and there is no doubt that the picture of Donald Trump with his fist in the air was very powerful.

During the Republican convention, there was much talk that we would see a new and softer Donald Trump, and we did during the first part of his acceptance speech, when he read off the teleprompter. After that, he pivoted back to the Donald Trump we have known and thereby reminded swing voters why they voted him out of office four years ago.

Donald Trump is probably the most polarising politician on earth right now. There is no doubt that he has a tremendously enthusiastic base of supporters. His legal troubles show that even a conviction doesn’t change much for them. The problem is that they can all only vote once, and under normal circumstances, they are not enough to win a presidential election.

During his time at the White House, Trump spent much of his time appealing to the base and seemed to almost on purpose try and turn off the majority that had not voted for him. If there was any outreach done, it was with young black men, and it worked surprisingly well. I actually think that if he had done more of this, he could have won reelection last time.

If Donald Trump wants to win this time, he has to do something that has become unfashionable in U.S. politics, which is to reach out to swing voters in a meaningful way. Remember that a U.S. presidential election means you spend a billion U.S. dollars, ultimately to influence 5% of the voters who live in a handful of states.

Louis Perron, PhD, is a political scientist and consultant based in Switzerland. He has orchestrated successful election campaigns in various countries around the globe. He speaks fluent English, German, and French and has been teaching political marketing for more than a decade. The title of his latest book is “Beat the Incumbent: Proven Strategies and Tactics to Win Elections,” published by Radius Book Group.

The post Was the Baton Just Passed or Dropped? A Spin Doctor’s Analysis of the State of the U.S. Presidential Race appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

According to PwC’s Global Sports Survey 2023, Africa’s sports market is predicted to develop at a rate of 8% over the next three to five years. The African Sports & Creative Institute’s (ASCI) report on Africa’s Sports Economy: Current Context, Challenges and Opportunities reveal that the youthful population and the rise of internationally successful athletes in several sports, such as football, basketball, and boxing, are the main drivers of Africa’s predicted sports business growth. With 70% of its population under 30, the continent is home to the youngest people on the planet.

Strategies for Attracting Major Brands and Sponsors

Africa’s endeavor to attract major brands and sponsors to its sports industry hinges on crafting effective sponsorship strategies that emphasize partnership benefits. Key strategies include targeting diverse sports beyond football, such as basketball, athletics, and rugby, to engage varied brand audiences effectively. Leveraging Africa’s tech-savvy youth, digital platforms offer avenues for fan engagement through social media campaigns, influencer partnerships, and interactive content.

Innovative sponsorship avenues extend beyond traditional models, encompassing support for training facilities, academies, and community events. This grassroots approach fosters brand loyalty by embedding brands within local sporting communities. Partnering with sports entities and athletes who embody shared values strengthens consumer connections, ensuring authenticity and resonance.

Central to success is data analytics, enabling robust performance tracking and ROI measurement for sponsorships. Demonstrating tangible value enhances credibility and solidifies partnerships in the competitive sports market.

READ ALSO: Africa Energy Bank: Expectations and Impact on Energy Transition

Beyond market reach, sponsoring African sports cultivates brand affinity and long-term customer loyalty. By engaging with local communities, brands can position themselves as responsible corporate citizens, contributing to societal well-being. The nascent African sports market presents a pioneering opportunity for brands to establish a formidable presence, leveraging its unique growth trajectory.

The African sports market presents a lucrative opportunity for major brands. By implementing a strategic approach that leverages the unique characteristics of the market, brands can secure valuable sponsorships and connect with a passionate and rapidly growing audience.

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One of the defining features of Africa’s cultural renaissance has been the emergence of indigenous artistic movements that celebrate the continent’s rich heritage and diversity. Across various mediums such as visual arts, literature, music, and film, African artists have been reclaiming their narratives and challenging stereotypes imposed by colonial powers.

In visual arts, the rise of movements like Afropolitanism and Afrofuturism has gained international acclaim for their bold and innovative expressions of African identity. Artists like El Anatsui, Wangechi Mutu, and Kehinde Wiley have garnered attention for their groundbreaking works that explore themes of history, identity, and globalization through a distinctly African lens.

Similarly, in literature, authors like Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, and Chinua Achebe have been at the forefront of Africa’s literary renaissance, producing works that challenge Western narratives and celebrate African culture and traditions. Through novels, essays, and poetry, these writers have captured the complexities of post-colonial African society while highlighting the resilience and creativity of its people.

In music, genres like Afrobeat, Highlife, and Afrobeats have experienced a global resurgence, with artists Burna Boy, Davido, Tems, Diamond Platinumz and many more leading the charge. By blending traditional African rhythms with contemporary sounds, these musicians have created an exclusive and dynamic musical landscape that reflects the diversity and vitality of the continent.

In movies, the African cinema movement has gained momentum, with filmmakers like Ousmane Sembène, and Haile Gerima, and Nollywood pioneers like Tunde Kelani and Kunle Afolayan challenging Western-dominated narratives and showcasing African stories on the global stage. Through their films, these directors have explored themes of colonialism, identity, and social justice, offering nuanced perspectives on the African experience.

Central to Africa’s cultural renaissance has been the implementation of cultural policies aimed at fostering creativity, preserving heritage, and promoting cultural exchange. In the wake of independence, many African governments recognized the importance of cultural development as a means of nation-building and social cohesion. One notable example is the formation of cultural institutions like the National Museum of African Art in Senegal, the National Arts Council of Zimbabwe, and the National Gallery of Modern Art in Nigeria, which have played a vital role in promoting Indigenous art and preserving cultural heritage.

Also, initiatives like the African Union’s Cultural Charter for Africa and UNESCO’s Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage have provided frameworks for protecting and promoting African culture on both regional and global scales. These policies have helped to elevate the status of African art and culture, ensuring its recognition and preservation for future generations.

Furthermore, investment in cultural infrastructure, such as theaters, galleries, and cultural centers, has provided platforms for artists to showcase their work and engage with audiences. Government-funded programs and grants have also supported the development of artistic talent, enabling aspiring artists to pursue their passions and contribute to Africa’s cultural renaissance.

Throughout Africa’s cultural renaissance, numerous figures have emerged as champions of African culture, using their platforms to amplify African voices and promote cultural exchange. From artists and activists to scholars and politicians, these individuals have played a pivotal role in shaping the narrative of post-colonial Africa and challenging stereotypes about the continent and its people. One such figure is Nobel laureate Wole Soyinka, whose contributions to literature and activism have made him a towering figure in African culture. Through his plays, essays, and poetry, Soyinka has explored themes of power, corruption, and social justice, while advocating for freedom of expression and human rights.

The cultural renaissance in post-colonial Africa has had a profound impact on society, shaping identity, empowering communities, and fostering a sense of pride and belonging among Africans. By reclaiming their narratives and celebrating their heritage, Africans have been able to assert their agency and challenge stereotypes imposed by colonial powers.

Through art, literature, music, and film, Africans have been able to explore and express their unique experiences and perspectives, fostering a greater sense of understanding and empathy both within the continent and beyond. Moreover, the cultural renaissance has provided opportunities for economic empowerment and social mobility, particularly for marginalized communities.

By investing in cultural infrastructure and supporting artistic talent, African governments have been able to harness the power of culture as a driver of development and social cohesion. Cultural tourism has emerged as a significant source of revenue for many African countries, providing opportunities for job creation and economic growth while showcasing the richness and diversity of African heritage.

Furthermore, initiatives like the African Union’s Agenda 2063 and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals have recognized the importance of culture in achieving sustainable development and promoting social inclusion. By prioritizing investments in cultural development, African governments are not only preserving their heritage but also laying the groundwork for a more prosperous and equitable future for all.

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Museums and institutions worldwide acknowledge the importance of returning looted or illegally acquired items to their rightful owners. Germany, for instance, holds Benin Bronzes, symbolic of this contentious issue. In December 2023, Switzerland returned a 2,000-year-old marble sculpture to Libya. The sculpture, a symbol of ancient Libyan heritage, had been looted from Cyrene and discovered in a Geneva warehouse a decade prior.

Nigeria and Germany finalized a deal for the return of hundreds of artifacts, including the renowned Benin Bronzes. This follows French President Emmanuel Macron’s decision to repatriate 26 pieces known as the Abomey Treasures, originating from the 19th-century Dahomey kingdom in present-day Benin.

However, challenges persist as numerous artifacts remain unrecovered, and some countries exhibit reluctance to facilitate their return. One such artifact is an eight-legged seat from Uganda’s ancient kingdom, currently housed in a British museum. Despite efforts by Ugandan officials, including Deputy Prime Minister Apollo John Rwamparo, to secure its return, the artifact remains in the University of Oxford’s possession, which contends it was donated.

In November, Ugandan officials plan to engage with the University of Cambridge, which also holds African artifacts, following its recent return of a bronze cockerel to Nigeria. Negotiations with London’s British Museum, which houses a vast African collection protected by a 1963 law, have proven challenging, according to Rose Mwanja Nkaale, Uganda’s commissioner for museums and monuments.

The issue extends beyond Nigeria and Uganda, with Zimbabwe advocating for the return of approximately 3,000 artifacts from Britain, including weapons and the skulls of fighters. Despite discussions, no significant agreement has been reached. In a bold move, President Emmerson Mnangagwa proposed an exchange involving the remains of colonialist Cecil Rhodes, buried in Zimbabwe, in return for the fighters’ remains.

Similarly, Rwanda recently reached an agreement with Belgium, its former colonial occupier, to share digital copies of over 4,000 recordings. Yet, the whereabouts of one of Rwanda’s last kings, Yuhi Musinga, remains a contentious issue. Many Rwandans believe his body, which resisted Belgian colonization and died in Congo, was transferred to Belgium.

These developments show Africa’s determination to reclaim its cultural legacy, ravaged during colonial times. Yet, challenges persist as numerous artifacts remain abroad. Take, for instance, the Rosetta Stone, essential for deciphering ancient Egyptian texts, now housed in Britain after changing hands post-conflict.

Another glaring case is Cameroon’s ‘Queen Mother’ statue, held by Germany for over a century despite fervent calls for repatriation. This statue represents just one of an estimated 40,000 looted artifacts from Cameroon showcased in German museums, sparking ongoing advocacy efforts, notably by Sylvie Vernyuy Njobati.

The issue extends beyond historical colonialism, with recent events like the Arab Spring in 2011 fueling further looting. Although some artifacts have been returned, the practice persists, reflecting a modern form of exploitation.

African nations, buoyed by Nigeria’s proactive stance, are increasingly vocal in demanding the return of their cultural heritage. The African Union’s involvement underscores the importance of this cause, exemplified in the 2022 EU-AU Summit’s discussions.

However, meaningful action is essential to translate rhetoric into tangible outcomes. The display of Algerian resistance fighters’ remains in European museums serves as a stark reminder of ongoing injustices.

In response, African nations are intensifying calls for repatriation until all stolen artifacts are rightfully returned. This endeavor represents a reclamation of heritage and a restoration of justice and dignity for Africa. While the recovery of artifacts marks a significant milestone, it is only one piece of the puzzle in the broader quest to preserve Africa’s cultural heritage. 

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