According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), genetic diseases account for nearly 20% of all illnesses worldwide, with cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and rare diseases being among those most impacted by genetic variability. Globally, at least 7.6 million children are born annually with severe genetic or congenital malformations, 90% of whom are in middle- and low-income countries. Precise prevalence data remain difficult to collect, particularly in developing nations, due to the vast diversity of conditions and the high number of undiagnosed cases.

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The global precision medicine market was valued at USD 8.25 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 21.32 billion by 2031, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.6% from 2024 to 2031.

One of the most significant milestones in the field was the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, which mapped all 20,000–25,000 human genes. Discoveries from this project led to breakthroughs such as targeted cancer therapies, including imatinib (Gleevec) for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), and the development of mRNA vaccines, including those for COVID-19, tailored based on genetic insights.

The United States and China are at the forefront of precision medicine, with initiatives such as the All of Us Research Programme, which aims to collect genetic data from over one million Americans, and China’s Precision Medicine Initiative, which received a $9 billion investment. These efforts have led to breakthroughs in rare disease treatment, oncology, and pharmacogenomics, demonstrating that genetics can indeed save lives.

Africa’s Place in the Genomic Revolution

Despite its rich genetic diversity, Africa has largely been excluded from global genomic studies. Less than 2% of genetic data used in medical research worldwide comes from African populations, despite the continent holding the oldest and most diverse genetic variations. This exclusion has created a blind spot in global medicine, leading to ineffective treatments for African populations.

However, the tide is shifting. Africa is beginning to harness the power of precision medicine through initiatives such as the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) programme, which has sequenced the genomes of thousands of Africans to study diseases like sickle cell anaemia and tuberculosis. In South Africa, the African Genomic Medicine Training Initiative (AGMTI) is training healthcare professionals in the application of genetic medicine, a crucial step toward integrating precision healthcare into mainstream medical practice.

Africa’s health landscape is dominated by diseases with strong genetic and environmental influences. Sickle cell disease (SCD), which affects approximately 300,000 newborns annually worldwide, is most prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. Traditional treatments have been largely ineffective, but gene-editing technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 now offer new hope. In December 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Casgevy, a CRISPR-based therapy developed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals and CRISPR Therapeutics, potentially transforming treatment options for SCD patients in Africa.

Similarly, cancer cases and deaths in Africa are expected to double in the next two decades, reaching 2.1 million new cases and 1.4 million deaths by 2040. An aggressive subtype of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), is particularly prevalent among African women and is less responsive to conventional chemotherapy. Genetic testing and targeted therapies such as PARP inhibitors have proven effective in treating TNBC in high-income countries, but access in Africa remains limited. Expanding precision oncology through public-private partnerships and genome sequencing hubs could bridge this gap and save lives.

Overcoming Challenges

While the potential for precision medicine in Africa is immense, several barriers threaten its implementation. The lack of genomic data, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and limited funding pose significant hurdles. The cost of genome sequencing, which was around $2.7 billion in 2003, has dramatically decreased to approximately $300 in 2024, yet remains unaffordable for most African healthcare systems.

Moreover, many African countries have a doctor-to-patient ratio of 1:5,000—far below the WHO-recommended 1:1,000 ratio. Without a robust healthcare workforce trained in genetics, integrating precision medicine into standard medical practice remains a distant goal. To address these issues, governments must increase investments in biobanks, data-sharing frameworks, and cross-border collaborations with leading genomic institutions.

The Role of Technology

Artificial intelligence is playing an instrumental role in making precision medicine more accessible. AI-driven genetic analysis can reduce the time required to interpret genomic data, making diagnostics faster and more efficient. Companies such as Deep Genomics and Tempus AI are leveraging machine learning to predict how individual patients will respond to different treatments, a crucial factor in resource-constrained African healthcare settings.

Telemedicine platforms have also emerged as vital tools in democratising access to genetic counselling. In Kenya, the MyDawa platform connects patients with genetic testing services, while in Nigeria, the 54gene initiative has raised over $45 million to develop Africa’s first precision medicine biobank. Such innovations are accelerating the continent’s ability to harness the benefits of genomic science.

Can Genetics Truly Save Lives in Africa?

The dream of a continent where genetic insights drive healthcare decisions is within reach, but it requires a multi-pronged approach. Governments must establish national genomic policies, increase research funding, and build biotechnological infrastructure to support precision medicine. Partnerships with global organisations such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the African Academy of Sciences will be crucial in scaling up genomic initiatives.

Additionally, ethical considerations must be at the forefront. Data sovereignty and informed consent are critical issues in African genomic research. Ensuring that African populations benefit directly from their genetic contributions and that their data is not exploited for foreign commercial interests must be prioritised.

A Genetic Renaissance for Africa

Like a long-lost script waiting to be rediscovered, Africa’s genetic blueprint holds the key to unlocking life-saving medical innovations. If harnessed correctly, precision medicine could turn the tide on genetic disorders, chronic diseases, and even pandemics. The continent stands at the precipice of a medical revolution, one that has the potential to redefine healthcare for generations to come. But the question remains: will Africa seize this moment and rewrite its medical destiny?

With the right investments, policies, and collaborations, the answer could be a resounding yes. Precision medicine is not a futuristic fantasy—it is the future of healthcare, and for Africa, it may well be the key to saving millions of lives.

The post The Future of Precision Medicine in Africa: Can Genetics Save Lives? appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

The WHO estimates a global shortage of 2.8 million physicians, with the most severe deficiencies occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The unequal distribution of doctors is further worsened by the migration of healthcare professionals from LMICs to high-income countries (HICs). This large-scale migration has severe economic and social consequences, leading to increased mortality rates in LMICs due to inadequate medical personnel.

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The effects of this exodus are devastating. In many African nations, the doctor-to-patient ratio is alarmingly low. Ethiopia has just 0.2 doctors per 1,000 people, while Chad and Burundi struggle with ratios close to zero. In contrast, the United States boasts 2.6 doctors per 1,000 people. The result? Overcrowded hospitals, overworked medical staff, and preventable deaths.

Brain drain in Africa’s medical sector is not just a personnel crisis; it is an economic haemorrhage. A study by the British Medical Journal estimated that Africa loses around $2 billion annually due to doctor migration. Meanwhile, African doctors contribute approximately $2.7 billion to the UK economy and $846 million to the US. While Western countries benefit, Africa is left grappling with a chronic shortage of healthcare workers. The human cost is staggering—lower life expectancy, increased maternal and infant mortality, and the spread of preventable diseases.

Can Technology Bridge the Gap?

As African nations struggle to retain their doctors, technology offers a beacon of hope. Telemedicine, AI-driven diagnostics, and drone technology are transforming healthcare delivery across the continent.

Telemedicine

Telemedicine platforms are already improving healthcare accessibility. In Kenya, the telehealth platform MyDawa allows patients to consult doctors remotely, reducing pressure on understaffed hospitals. Rwanda has partnered with Babyl, an AI-driven telemedicine service enabling citizens to receive medical advice via mobile phones. These innovations help bridge the healthcare gap by bringing medical expertise to rural areas where doctors are scarce.

AI and Robotics

AI-powered solutions are emerging as powerful tools in diagnosing and managing diseases. South African startup Envisionit Deep AI uses artificial intelligence to analyse X-rays, helping radiologists diagnose diseases like tuberculosis more quickly and accurately. In Nigeria, 54gene leverages AI to advance genomic research, tailoring medical treatments to African genetic diversity.

Drones

Beyond agriculture, drone technology is revolutionising medical supply chains in Africa. In Ghana and Rwanda, drone service Zipline delivers blood, vaccines, and essential medicines to remote areas, reducing delays and saving lives. Nigeria is now piloting similar programmes to improve access to emergency medical supplies in hard-to-reach areas.

What Happens if Africa Fails to Act?

If the doctor migration crisis remains unchecked, the consequences could be catastrophic. The healthcare sector will continue to deteriorate, leading to higher mortality rates and outbreaks of preventable diseases. Economic losses will mount as countries invest millions in training doctors who ultimately serve foreign healthcare systems. Public frustration over inadequate healthcare could also fuel political instability.

How Africa Can Keep Its Doctors

The solution requires a multi-pronged approach. Improving salaries and working conditions is non-negotiable. Countries like Rwanda have made strides in retaining doctors by increasing pay and modernising hospitals. Investing in medical education and infrastructure is also critical. Governments must allocate more funding to healthcare facilities, ensuring that doctors have the resources they need to perform their duties effectively.

Tech integration should be a priority. Expanding telemedicine, AI-driven healthcare, and drone deliveries can ease the burden on overstretched medical workforces. The fusion of technology and healthcare in Africa is not just an option—it is a necessity. While technology cannot fully replace doctors, it can amplify their reach and effectiveness.

With strategic investments and policies that prioritise retention, Africa can transform its healthcare crisis into an opportunity for digital innovation. The question is no longer whether technology can solve the doctor shortage, but whether Africa is ready to embrace the future of healthcare.

The post The Future of Healthcare in Africa: Can Tech Solve the Doctor Shortage? appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), one in four people globally will suffer from a mental disorder in their lifetime. Yet, over 70% of those affected do not receive adequate treatment.

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This crisis is particularly pronounced in Africa, where mental health services remain severely underfunded. The WHO ranks Africa as the region with the highest suicide rate globally, with over 11 per 100,000 people dying by suicide annually. However, the problem is not exclusive to the continent. In the United States, suicide rates have increased by nearly 30% over the past two decades.

Europe, despite its advanced healthcare systems, still struggles with rising cases of depression and anxiety, particularly among younger populations. In Asia, Japan and South Korea report some of the highest suicide rates in the developed world. These statistics highlight that mental health is not merely an African issue; it is a global emergency.

How Stigma Fuels a Crisis

Mental illness is often dismissed as a personal weakness rather than a legitimate health concern. Superstitions, religious interpretations, and cultural beliefs create barriers that prevent individuals from seeking medical help. In Nigeria, for instance, a recent survey found that over 70% of respondents associated mental illness with supernatural causes rather than biological factors. This is not unique to Africa; similar patterns exist in parts of Asia and Latin America, where traditional beliefs often overshadow medical understanding.

Stigma leads to extreme marginalisation, with many mentally ill individuals abandoned by their families or subjected to exorcisms rather than receiving medical interventions. Even in developed countries, stigma persists. In the United Kingdom, research by Mind UK found that 60% of employees with mental health conditions fear disclosing their struggles to employers. In the United States, nearly 50% of individuals with mental health conditions avoid seeking help due to fear of discrimination. This widespread stigma exacerbates the crisis by discouraging people from accessing the care they desperately need.

The Global Mental Health Infrastructure Deficit

The reality of mental health infrastructure worldwide is troubling. The WHO reports that globally, there is an average of nine psychiatrists per 100,000 people. However, disparities exist. Europe leads with around 40 psychiatrists per 100,000 people, while Africa has only one psychiatrist per 500,000 people. In some countries, like Liberia and Chad, there are fewer than five psychiatrists for the entire population. Hospitals dedicated to psychiatric care are either non-existent or severely underfunded.

In India, where an estimated 200 million people suffer from mental illnesses, there are fewer than 4,000 psychiatrists nationwide, leading to an overburdened system. In China, despite economic growth, mental health services remain inadequate, with only 2.2 psychiatrists per 100,000 people. In Latin America, Brazil faces similar challenges, with only 20% of people with mental illnesses receiving professional help. Even in high-income countries, access to mental health care is not guaranteed; the United States has a mental health professional shortage in rural areas, and long wait times for therapy are common in Canada and the UK.

Mental health issues are not just a humanitarian concern; they constitute an economic crisis. The World Economic Forum estimates that mental health conditions cost the global economy over $1 trillion annually in lost productivity. Depression alone is projected to be the leading cause of disability worldwide by 2030. Studies indicate that untreated mental disorders lead to a sharp decline in workforce efficiency, increasing absenteeism, workplace accidents, and even suicides.

In Ghana, for example, untreated depression accounts for nearly 7% of lost working hours annually. Similarly, Nigeria loses an estimated $1 billion each year due to work-related stress and mental health conditions. In the United States, workplace mental health issues cost businesses over $300 billion annually in absenteeism and lost productivity. In Japan, extreme work culture has led to the phenomenon of “karoshi,” or death from overwork, often linked to untreated mental health conditions. These economic losses clarify that addressing mental health is not just a social issue; it is essential for global economic stability.

Policies and Interventions Worldwide

Despite these challenges, governments worldwide are beginning to acknowledge the urgency of the mental health crisis. In 2022, Rwanda unveiled a National Mental Health Policy, integrating psychological services into primary healthcare facilities. The results have been promising, with over 80% of health centres now offering mental health screenings. Similarly, Kenya launched its Mental Health Amendment Act, prioritising mental health as a key national concern. South Africa’s Mental Health Care Act also mandates that mental healthcare services be integrated into public health policies, yet funding remains insufficient.

Beyond Africa, mental health reforms are also taking shape globally. Canada has increased funding for mental health programmes through its “Wellness Together Canada” initiative. The European Union has set mental health as a top priority in its health policy, with a focus on early intervention and workplace mental well-being. In the United States, the National Suicide Prevention Hotline was revamped into a nationwide 988 crisis helpline to improve access to emergency mental health care. These policy changes reflect a growing recognition of mental health as a fundamental part of overall health.

Breaking the Chains of Neglect

To dismantle the stigma and strengthen mental health awareness, a multi-faceted approach is needed. First, education campaigns must be launched to challenge cultural misconceptions. In Ethiopia, a grassroots awareness programme has reduced stigma-related beliefs by 30% in just five years. Other nations must replicate such efforts.

Second, mental health services must be decentralised and integrated into primary healthcare systems. Nigeria’s “Health in Your Hands” initiative has successfully incorporated mental health screenings in over 500 community health centres. This model should be expanded worldwide. Additionally, community health workers should be trained to provide basic mental health care, especially in rural areas where specialist services are unavailable.

Third, governments must invest in training more mental health professionals. Countries like Egypt have initiated scholarship programmes to incentivise medical students to specialise in psychiatry. Africa, Asia, and Latin America must adopt similar strategies to build stronger mental health workforces. International collaborations with organisations like WHO, UNICEF, and the World Bank must also be strengthened to ensure sustained funding and expertise.

A Call for Global Action on Mental Health

The battle against mental health stigma is not confined to one region; it is a global challenge that requires urgent attention. If nations commit to prioritising mental health as much as they do physical health, they will save lives while bolstering economic productivity and social cohesion. The time to act is now—before the silent epidemic grows into an insurmountable catastrophe. Global leaders, healthcare institutions, and communities must unite to ensure that mental health is recognised, treated, and protected as an essential component of overall well-being.

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Medicine: Leading Research into Endemic Diseases

African scientists are spearheading research into diseases that disproportionately affect the continent, such as malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 95% of global malaria cases and 96% of malaria deaths. In response, African researchers have developed innovative solutions, including the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine, the first-ever malaria vaccine recommended by WHO.

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Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi, which piloted the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine, have now integrated it into their routine immunisation programmes. Cameroon and Burkina Faso have also adopted the vaccine, with Uganda planning a phased introduction and Guinea initiating a pilot in five districts. The vaccination schedule varies by country, with the first dose administered at five or six months of age, and the fourth dose given between 18 and 24 months, depending on national protocols.

Tackling Malaria in Ghana

In Ghana, researchers at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), in collaboration with global partners, trialled the malaria vaccine in rural communities. Early results revealed a 40% reduction in severe cases among vaccinated children. This success demonstrates Africa’s ability to tackle endemic diseases with localised solutions, supported by funding from organisations like Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Africa: A Hub for Clinical Trials

Africa is rapidly becoming a hub for clinical trials due to its diverse genetic pool and significant disease burden. For example, South Africa is a leader in HIV vaccine trials. The University of Cape Town’s (UCT) Division of Immunology is at the forefront, exploring innovative approaches to develop a long-term cure for HIV. With funding from the World Bank and UNAIDS, these efforts are advancing the fight against the global epidemic.

According to UNAIDS, Africa’s participation in global HIV research has contributed to a 55% reduction in new infections since 2000, highlighting the value of investing in local research capacities.

Agriculture: Adapting to Climate Change

Beyond health, African scientists are transforming agriculture. The continent faces major challenges due to climate change, with over 60% of its population relying on farming for their livelihoods. The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) warns that Africa’s agricultural output could decline by 20–30% by 2050 without intervention. To address this, researchers at institutions like the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Nigeria are developing climate-resilient crops.

Drought-Resistant Maize in Kenya

In Kenya, scientists have developed drought-resistant maize varieties through genetic modification and selective breeding. Trials supported by the World Economic Forum (WEF) show a 50% increase in yields during dry seasons. This innovation not only enhances food security but also empowers smallholder farmers to adapt to shifting climatic conditions.

Africa’s Role in the COVID-19 Response

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted Africa’s growing scientific capability. The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) coordinated a continent-wide response, focusing on testing, data sharing, and vaccine distribution. Senegal’s Institut Pasteur de Dakar developed affordable COVID-19 test kits priced at just $1, significantly boosting testing capacity in low-income regions.

Meanwhile, South Africa’s Aspen Pharmacare secured a licensing agreement to produce Johnson & Johnson’s COVID-19 vaccine, establishing itself as a key player in the global vaccine supply chain. According to the World Bank, local vaccine production reduced Africa’s dependency on imports by 20% during the pandemic.

Genomics Research: Unlocking Genetic Diversity

Africa’s genetic diversity, the highest in the world, offers unique opportunities for genomics research. The Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) initiative, supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the African Academy of Sciences, is a groundbreaking programme aimed at understanding the genetic factors underlying diseases.

Sickle Cell Disease Research in Nigeria

Nigeria, home to the world’s largest population of sickle cell patients, is making strides in understanding the genetic basis of the disease. Researchers at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research (NIMR) are developing gene-editing therapies using CRISPR technology. Early trials have shown promise, offering hope to millions affected by the condition.

Economic Impact of Research

Investing in scientific research yields significant economic returns. According to UNESCO, every $1 spent on research and development (R&D) in Africa generates $3 in economic benefits. Recognising this, governments are increasing investment in R&D, with Rwanda allocating over 3% of its GDP to scientific research. These investments are driving innovation and creating jobs, particularly in the biotech and pharmaceutical sectors.

Challenges and Future Vision

Despite these successes, African researchers face considerable challenges, including limited funding, brain drain, and inadequate infrastructure. Africa contributes only 1.3% of global R&D spending, according to the World Bank. To address these issues, initiatives like the African Union’s Science, Technology, and Innovation Strategy for Africa 2024 (STISA-2024) aim to boost investments and foster regional collaboration.

A Vision for the Future

Africa’s trailblazers in scientific research are reshaping the continent’s narrative. From life-saving vaccines to pioneering agricultural innovations, these researchers are proving that Africa is not merely a beneficiary of global science but a vital contributor. By leveraging its unique strengths, including genetic diversity and indigenous knowledge, Africa is positioned to address global challenges and drive sustainable development.

With continued investment, collaboration, and the resilience of its people, Africa’s scientific renaissance is in full swing. The world is watching as the continent’s researchers lead the way towards a healthier, more sustainable future.

The post Global Research: Africa’s Quest to Illuminate Science appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Africa’s journey toward universal health coverage (UHC) showcased steady progress. According to the WHO, the UHC Service Coverage Index (SCI) for the African region rose from 46 in 2017 to 49 in 2019, reflecting incremental improvements in access to essential services. An example is Rwanda’s Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI), which now covers over 80% of the population, proving that innovative insurance schemes can bridge healthcare access gaps.

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Africa’s Health Tech is Booming

Africa has become a hub for health tech innovation, driven by initiatives such as the Africa CDC’s HealthTech Marketplace, which enabled real-time disease tracking and expanded remote healthcare access. Telemedicine platforms, in particular, have grown, reducing healthcare barriers for rural populations.

Key Innovations Driving Change in the Health Sector

· The use of AI for diagnosing diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis, improving accuracy and reducing delays in treatment.

· Mobile health applications for maternal care and chronic disease management.

·Blockchain technology for transparency in drug supply chains, and to reduce counterfeit medications.

Leading innovators in supply chain represent a growing force in African healthtech industry. On average, these innovators have been in operation for 10 years. Health supply chain startups secured 57% of health tech funding in 2023. Kasha, a leading health supply chain company, reported over $50 million in revenue—the highest to date among African health tech firms.

The 2024 Access to Medicine Index Report reveals that only 43% of new health innovations are reaching Africa. It underscores the pharmaceutical industry’s efforts to reduce health disparities in low- and middle-income countries, addressing challenges such as voluntary licensing agreements and the need for robust regulatory frameworks.

These innovations attracted significant investments. In 2024, health tech startups across Africa raised over $500 million, reflecting global confidence in the continent’s potential to lead healthcare transformation.

Combatting Epidemics in Africa

Africa’s battle against infectious diseases remained crucial. The continent’s strong response to the COVID-19 pandemic laid the groundwork for addressing other health crises.

Efforts to reduce HIV/AIDS infections also showed progress. UNAIDS reported a 25% decline in new infections in 2024, attributed to widespread awareness campaigns and antiretroviral therapy expansion. Additionally, Africa’s role in vaccine production grew, with Senegal’s Institut Pasteur becoming a key player in manufacturing vaccines for the continent.

The World Malaria Report 2024 highlights significant progress within Commonwealth countries in reducing malaria cases. Belize achieved malaria-free certification for the second consecutive year, while African nations such as Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, Togo, and Tanzania reported a decline in incidence rates.

Collaborative efforts led to a 40% reduction in malaria cases in some regions, largely due to expanded use of insecticide-treated bed nets and increased access to antimalarial drugs.

The Head of Social Policy Development at the Commonwealth Secretariat, Layne Robinson, said, These findings are set to inform the annual Commonwealth Malaria Report and the Commonwealth Malaria Tracker, initiatives established in 2018 to monitor progress and reaffirm commitments made at the 2024 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Samoa.

While notable strides have been made in malaria reduction, the upcoming Commonwealth Malaria Report, scheduled for release in early 2025, aims to advance advocacy for comprehensive malaria elimination strategies. These strategies will play a critical role in achieving the ambitious goal of a malaria-free world by 2030.

Workforce Development in Healthcare

Africa’s healthcare workforce remains a critical focus. Initiatives to increase human resource capacity included partnerships with institutions like WHO and the Global Fund. For example, the Africa Medical Corps trained 50,000 healthcare workers in 2024, enhancing their capacity to handle emergencies and deliver quality care.
Incentives to retain skilled healthcare professionals, such as competitive salaries and better career growth opportunities, began reversing the long-standing brain drain issue.

Financing Healthcare through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs)

The role of financing in advancing healthcare cannot be overstated. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) significantly bolstered Africa’s healthcare infrastructure. In 2024, the African Development Bank allocated $1 billion to health projects, including constructing state-of-the-art hospitals and funding health tech innovations.

International support also remained strong, with the Global Fund contributing $4 billion to fight HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria. Domestically, countries like Nigeria and Kenya increased healthcare spending relative to GDP, signalling a renewed commitment to improving public health.

Africa’s Global Leadership in Health

Africa’s contributions to global health extended beyond its borders. The Africa HealthTech Summit in Nairobi brought together over 10,000 stakeholders, promoting sustainable healthcare solutions and addressing climate change’s impact on health systems.

Additionally, Africa’s leadership in addressing health inequities resonated globally. The continent championed the WHO’s Equity in Health initiative, advocating for fair resource distribution and equal access to care.

Challenges and Opportunities

Despite significant strides, challenges persist. The dual burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases strains healthcare systems. Climate change exacerbates health vulnerabilities, with rising temperatures increasing the prevalence of vector-borne diseases.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, around 11% of households are pushed into poverty annually due to catastrophic healthcare costs. The region’s average of 1.55 skilled health professionals per 1,000 people remains far below the WHO’s minimum threshold of 4.45. These challenges underscore the urgent need for systemic reforms and equitable resource distribution.

Despite the commitments made under the Abuja Declaration two decades ago, in which African governments pledged to allocate 15% of their national budgets to healthcare, the average allocation in 2024 was only about 7.4%. This figure represents less than half of the promised investment, highlighting a persistent gap in funding needed to achieve meaningful healthcare improvements.

Africa’s evolving role in global health throughout 2024 illustrates a continent on the rise—leveraging technology, forging strategic partnerships, and driving policy reforms. While substantial challenges remain, such as funding shortfalls and health workforce capacity, Africa’s growing influence in healthcare innovation cannot be overlooked.
With increased investments in health tech and public-private partnerships, alongside strengthened regional cooperation, Africa is not only addressing its own healthcare needs but also shaping global health solutions.

The post Global Health Solutions: Africa’s Contributions in 2024 appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

The Growing Role of Corporations in Public Health

These corporate initiatives are having a tangible impact, ranging from improving access to essential medicines and healthcare infrastructure to promoting healthy lifestyles and supporting disease prevention programmes. As Africa continues to develop, collaboration between businesses, governments, and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) is becoming an essential component in the effort to improve public health outcomes across the continent.

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Historically, public health in Africa has been largely the responsibility of governments and international aid organisations. However, the scale and complexity of Africa’s health challenges have highlighted the need for broader participation. Corporations across various sectors, including healthcare, technology, agriculture, and consumer goods, are no longer viewing public health merely as a corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative but as a vital part of their long-term strategy, crafting sustainable solutions that align with both societal needs and business growth.

Access to Affordable Healthcare in Africa

One of the most pressing public health challenges in Africa is access to affordable and quality healthcare. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), millions of Africans still lack access to essential health services, with high out-of-pocket healthcare costs. Pharmaceutical companies like Pfizer, Merck, and Novartis have made significant strides in improving access to medicines.

Through initiatives such as affordable pricing, donations, and partnerships with governments and NGOs, these companies have increased access to life-saving treatments for diseases like malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. For example, Merck’s Mectizan Donation Program has been instrumental in combating river blindness in several African countries, providing millions of doses of the medication free of charge.

Similarly, companies like GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Johnson & Johnson have launched programmes to improve maternal and child health. These corporations have invested in both products and partnerships to reduce preventable diseases in Africa. For instance, GSK has focused on increasing access to vaccines, a critical tool in the fight against infectious diseases like pneumonia and rotavirus, which continue to cause significant harm across the continent.

Leveraging Mobile Technology for Healthcare in Africa

The growing adoption of mobile technology across Africa presents a unique opportunity to address health challenges in innovative ways. Corporations in the tech sector are increasingly using digital platforms to improve healthcare delivery, provide health education, and facilitate access to services. Companies like Safaricom, the Kenyan telecom giant, and MTN, Africa’s leading mobile network operator, have partnered with healthcare providers and tech companies to develop mobile health solutions.

The expansion of digital health platforms in Africa has also enhanced data collection, disease monitoring, and decision-making. Start-ups and larger corporations are working together to create digital solutions that track disease outbreaks, help manage chronic conditions, and improve overall health system performance. In addition, major technology companies such as Google and IBM are contributing to the healthcare sector by applying their expertise in data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI).

Addressing Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in Africa

In Africa, the rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease presents a growing challenge, particularly due to urbanisation. However, businesses in the food and beverage sector, as well as fitness companies, are actively promoting healthier lifestyles and preventing NCDs. Companies like Nestlé, Coca-Cola, and Unilever are working to improve the nutritional quality of their products, reduce sugar content, and increase the availability of fortified foods.

Corporations are also supporting public health awareness campaigns aimed at educating communities about the risks of smoking, unhealthy diets, and sedentary lifestyles. By funding such initiatives, businesses are not only contributing to public health but also aligning their operations with the increasing demand for health-conscious products and services.

A Business Opportunity?

Many corporations in Africa recognise that improving public health is not only an ethical responsibility but also a business opportunity. As the private sector becomes more deeply engaged with public health issues, there is a growing shift towards models that prioritise sustainable, long-term impact. Through partnerships with governments, NGOs, and local communities, corporations are becoming key contributors to sustainable public health solutions.

To address Africa’s challenges effectively, continued collaboration between the corporate sector, governments, NGOs, and local communities is essential. By aligning business interests with the urgent need for improved health systems, companies can help create healthier, more prosperous communities across the continent. The private sector’s role in improving public health is not just a matter of charity; it is an investment in Africa’s future.

The post Corporate Efforts to Address Public Health Challenges in Africa appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

With over 600 million Africans lacking access to essential healthcare, telemedicine offers a bridge, delivering timely and affordable medical services. By 2024, telemedicine platforms across the continent have reached over 100 million people, demonstrating Africa’s innovative strides toward universal health coverage.

READ ALSO: Africa’s Leap into Telemedicine and Digital Health

Countries such as Rwanda and Kenya have incorporated telemedicine into national health policies, while private initiatives and international partnerships have broadened access to virtual consultations, remote diagnostics, and health education.

Bridging the Healthcare Gap

Africa’s healthcare disparities are among the largest globally, with doctor-to-patient ratios as low as 1:10,000 in some areas—a stark contrast to the World Health Organisation’s recommended ratio of 1:1,000. Telemedicine is transforming healthcare access by connecting patients to professionals across vast distances. This innovation has flourished in numerous countries. For instance, in Nigeria’s Edo State, telehealth consultations have become commonplace in rural areas. One notable example is a three-year-old boy with cerebral palsy who accessed specialised care through international experts, improving the management of his condition.

In Ethiopia, the Bahir Dar Outreach for Neuroscience Education (BORNE) programme has tackled the region’s severe shortage of stroke specialists. Virtual training and consultations provided through this initiative have reduced stroke-related deaths and enabled local providers to deliver cost-effective, lifesaving care to a population exceeding seven million.

Likewise, Kenya’s M-TIBA platform has empowered underserved populations by facilitating mobile-based consultations and healthcare payments, enhancing the equity of care delivery.

Technology as a Healing Tool

Telemedicine encompasses a wide range of services, including remote consultations, mobile health applications, and specialised referral systems. In Ethiopia’s Bahir Dar region, patients now benefit from neurology consultations through virtual networks, addressing gaps left by an underdeveloped healthcare system.

Mobile health apps such as South Africa’s Vula Mobile have further streamlined care, enabling rural doctors to seek advice from urban specialists and deliver improved treatment outcomes. Similarly, platforms like Hello Doctor in South Africa provide real-time consultations, health information, and symptom checks, reducing unnecessary hospital visits and empowering patients with knowledge.

Global Partnerships, Local Impact

The success of telemedicine in Africa is underpinned by partnerships between governments, international organisations, and the private sector. Organisations such as the World Health Organisation (WHO) and UNICEF have supported maternal and child health programmes, using telemedicine to lower mortality rates by as much as 20% in some regions.

The African Union’s Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) has played a pivotal role by integrating telemedicine into its healthcare strategies, particularly during public health crises like COVID-19. Additionally, private enterprises such as Microsoft’s 4Afrika initiative have financed infrastructure development and training programmes to extend telemedicine’s reach.

Stories of Transformation

In Nigeria’s rural Opoji community, Vincent Isemoegua, a farmer, received a diagnosis and treatment plan for chronic hypertension through a telehealth programme connecting him with international specialists. This access not only saved his life but also fostered greater health awareness within his community.

In Ethiopia, telemedicine enabled local providers in the Bahir Dar region to save lives previously lost to delayed stroke care. Kenya’s M-TIBA has improved financial inclusion in healthcare, allowing patients in remote areas to access affordable medical advice and manage payments via mobile technology.

Challenges in the Digital Era

While telemedicine holds great promise, significant hurdles remain. Poor internet connectivity, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and a lack of training for healthcare workers are notable barriers. In some regions, the scarcity of diagnostic tools and reliable power sources limits the effectiveness of virtual consultations. Governments and private stakeholders are addressing these issues through investments in broadband internet, solar-powered medical equipment, and digital literacy programmes for healthcare professionals.

The Road Ahead

The potential of telemedicine is undeniable. By reducing patient travel costs by up to 40%, telemedicine has made healthcare more affordable for low-income families, according to UNICEF.

By 2024, telemedicine platforms aim to extend services to 200 million Africans, doubling their current reach. Countries such as Rwanda, South Africa, and Nigeria are leading the charge, proving that sustained investment can fundamentally transform healthcare delivery on the continent.

Telemedicine is more than a technological innovation; it is Africa’s digital doctor, tirelessly working to close the healthcare gap. Through cross-sector collaboration and determined policymaking, the continent is charting a new course toward equitable healthcare for all. By embracing this transformation, Africa is setting a global precedent for how technology can overcome even the most entrenched healthcare disparities, ensuring no patient is too distant and no condition beyond care.

The post The Digital Doctor: How Telemedicine is Transforming Healthcare in Africa appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

The 95-95-95 Targets and Success

The 95-95-95 targets, established by UNAIDS, aim for 95% of all people living with HIV to know their status, 95% of those diagnosed to be on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 95% of those on treatment to achieve viral suppression. These goals form a cornerstone of the global strategy to end the HIV/AIDS epidemic by 2030.

READ ALSO: Africa’s Achievements in the War Against HIV/AIDS

In 2020, Eswatini exceeded these targets. Data indicates that 94% of adults (15 years and older) living with HIV are aware of their status. Of these, 97% are receiving antiretroviral therapy, and 96% of those on treatment have achieved viral suppression. This marks a significant milestone for a nation that once had the world’s highest HIV prevalence rate.

Driving Factors Behind the Achievement

The government of Eswatini prioritised its HIV/AIDS response within health policy, allocating substantial resources and implementing evidence-based strategies to foster an environment conducive to achieving the 95-95-95 goals. Key measures included:

• Strengthening healthcare infrastructure.
• Expanding access to free HIV testing and treatment services.
• Integrating HIV/AIDS services with other healthcare programmes.

Community Engagement

Community-driven initiatives played an essential role in this success. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and community health workers worked relentlessly to reduce stigma, increase awareness, and promote HIV testing and treatment adherence. Educational campaigns tailored to local contexts amplified the impact of these efforts.

International Support

Eswatini’s success was further reinforced by international partnerships. The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, alongside PEPFAR (the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief), provided crucial financial and technical support, ensuring a steady supply of ART and capacity-building for healthcare workers.

The Broader Impact

Eswatini’s achievement illustrates the transformative potential of targeted public health interventions. With fewer AIDS-related illnesses, the country has seen increased productivity and reduced healthcare costs, benefiting its economy. On a social level, greater public awareness and reduced stigma have enhanced community resilience, paving the way for broader societal progress.

Challenges Ahead

While Eswatini’s success is commendable, sustaining these gains requires continuous investment. Emerging challenges, such as drug resistance and complacency in prevention efforts, must be addressed. Expanding prevention strategies, including pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and targeting high-risk populations, remains critical.

A Model for the World

Eswatini’s story is a testament to what can be achieved through strong political will, community involvement, and international collaboration. As other countries strive to meet the 95-95-95 targets, Eswatini stands as a beacon of hope and a model for achieving public health milestones.

Eswatini’s groundbreaking achievement in the global fight against HIV/AIDS highlights the power of concerted action and serves as an inspiration to nations worldwide. By maintaining momentum and addressing emerging challenges, Eswatini is well-positioned to lead the way towards ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030.

The post Eswatini’s HIV/AIDS Management: A Global Public Health Success Story appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

In an era where global narratives about Africa often oscillate between despair and paternalism, Dr Paulin Basinga the newly appointed leader of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in Africa, spoke of a vision of philanthropy that prioritizes dignity and partnership over dependency. In an insightful interview with Africa.com, he was clear about his vision: “Africa is not a charity case. It’s a continent full of potential—and our job is to work with others to help unlock it.”

For Basinga, the opening of these offices is not merely symbolic. It signals a long-term commitment to embedding philanthropy into Africa’s local ecosystems in a way that strengthens, rather than substitutes, existing structures. “Philanthropy must catalyze change, not overshadow governments or the private sector,” he explains.

As Africa faces intersecting challenges—from climate change to food insecurity—Basinga acknowledges that philanthropy alone cannot solve them. But he remains hopeful. “Our role is to spark the kind of innovation and collaboration that leads to lasting change,” he says.

Expanding presence for greater impact

With new offices in Senegal and Kenya, Basinga is leading the foundation into a new era of proximity and partnership. This move, he insists, is not about expanding influence but about deepening impact. “We learned over time that proximity to policymakers and local communities makes a significant difference in scaling sustainable solutions,” he says, reflecting on the evolution of the foundation’s strategy.

The recent development in Kenya and Senegal is very important as it enables the Foundation to cover the three main Africa regions, thus creating sub-regional hubs. Basinga said, “Expanding our footprint highlights our commitment to a long-lasting relationship with Africa.”

Building local capacity, not dependence

Basinga’s career has been shaped by his experiences across the continent—from leading health reforms in Rwanda to strengthening health systems in Ethiopia and Nigeria. It’s a perspective that allows him to see both the opportunities and pitfalls of global philanthropy. He’s quick to acknowledge the dangers of dependence on external funding. “We need to ask ourselves: How do we ensure governments and local institutions sustain these efforts when philanthropy steps back?”

The newly opened offices in Senegal and Kenya will deepen partnerships across Africa and work to support local health initiatives while fostering stronger regional collaboration. Central to these efforts is a focus on health system strengthening—what Basinga calls the “bedrock” of sustainable development. “The aim is not to replace government functions but to enhance their capacity to deliver better services,” he explains. This includes everything from supporting data systems that improve vaccine distribution to funding local research institutions that can lead Africa’s health innovations.

Leveraging diverse experience

Basinga’s diverse roles within the foundation have equipped him with a deep understanding of African priorities. From his early work in Rwanda on public health reforms to leading the global policy advocacy team in Seattle, his multifaceted experience spans health system strengthening, human capital development, and economic empowerment. Reflecting on his journey, he says, “Each role allowed me to gain both technical expertise and a deep understanding of African priorities. Now, as I lead our Africa team, I’m applying these experiences to foster a comprehensive approach.”

Health, innovation, and trust

At the heart of Basinga’s mission is a drive to ensure Africa becomes a leader in health innovation. He sees locally-led research and production as essential not just for improving access to medicines but for rebuilding trust in health systems. “If vaccines are researched, produced, and distributed in Africa, they will be trusted more,” he argues.

The foundation is already backing initiatives to make this a reality, from the African Medicines Agency, which will strengthen regulatory frameworks, to the Africa Clinical Trial Network, which is equipping research sites across the continent. “These investments aren’t just about infrastructure. They’re about fostering self-reliance and trust,” he says.

Redefining philanthropy’s role in Africa

Basinga’s vision is not without its critics. As philanthropic organizations like the Gates Foundation expand their footprint, some argue they risk entrenching global power imbalances or setting priorities that don’t align with local needs. But Basinga is adamant that his foundation approach is different.

“Being African shapes how I lead,” he says. With roots in Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and fluency in multiple African languages, Basinga sees his identity as a bridge between global expertise and local realities. “We’re not here to impose solutions. Our role is to listen, to respect local knowledge, and to support the changes Africans are already driving.”

This philosophy extends to how the foundation engages the private sector. The foundation has pioneered innovative financing models, such as partnering with banks to lower borrowing costs for smallholder farmers. Yet, Basinga is clear about the limits of philanthropy. “Our return on investment is measured in human impact, not financial gain,” he says.

Basinga highlighted the importance of conducting vaccine research and production within Africa to build public trust and ensure the availability of effective vaccines. He mentioned, “Engaging African researchers and strengthening the vaccine value chain, from clinical trials to production, is crucial.”  Initiatives like the African Clinical Trial Network and support for local manufacturers such as Revital in Kenya and Institut Pasteur in Dakar are crucial for developing a self-sustaining health ecosystem.

Basinga emphasized the pivotal role of philanthropy in addressing market failures, particularly in health innovation. He explained, “Philanthropy plays a crucial role in development but is most effective when strategically applied.” Initiatives like GAVI have significantly increased vaccine availability by mobilizing funds and enhancing immunization systems. The foundation continues to support early-stage research and innovation, such as developing new tuberculosis vaccines, and enhances government functions through data analysis and support services.

Health, agriculture, and women’s empowerment are priorities

The foundation’s top priorities in Africa include health with a focus on polio eradication, combating infectious diseases, reducing maternal and child mortality, and strengthening health systems. Agriculture is also a priority with a focus on supporting climate adaptation, improving access to seeds and fertilizers to boost sustainable agricultural productivity. The foundation is also in the inclusive finance space enhancing financial access for women and smallholder farmers to promote economic empowerment. The foundation also supports literacy and numeracy in primary schools through evidence-based policies as well as digital public infrastructure that enables countries to safely deliver economic opportunities and social services.

Conclusion

Paulin Basinga’s strategic vision for the Gates Foundation in Africa embodies a commitment to sustainable, impactful development through localized engagement, strategic partnerships, and a deep understanding of the continent’s diverse needs. Basinga, with more than thirteen years of experience within the foundation and wide-ranging experience working in different African countries, feels he is ready to lead the organization to a successful and sustainable future on the continent.

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Martha Ndirangu with Paulin Basinga

Paulin Basinga with chicken – Photo credit Brian Otiengo

The post Philanthropy Must Catalyze Change, Says Gates Foundation Africa Director appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

According to the World Health Organisation, bacterial AMR was responsible for an estimated 1.27 million deaths globally in 2019 and contributed to a further 4.95 million deaths. Annually, around 700,000 deaths worldwide are attributed to infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Reports indicate that the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in humans, animals, and plants are major drivers of the development of drug-resistant pathogens.

The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), the African Union Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources, and various member states reported that AMR caused 255,000 deaths in Africa in 2019—accounting for more than 20% of the global total. Sub-Saharan Africa experienced the highest AMR burden of any region, with a rate of 27.3 deaths per 100,000 people. Furthermore, without intervention, it is estimated that by 2050, deaths attributed to AMR could rise to 10 million annually, with Africa and South Asia bearing the highest burden.

The global economic cost of AMR is projected to reach US$100 trillion by 2050 if current trends continue. In Europe, the annual economic burden of AMR currently exceeds €2.0 billion, while in the United States, the cost is approximately $55 billion.

What is Antimicrobial Resistance?

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, become resistant to antimicrobial medicines. This resistance means that these medicines become less effective in treating infections, leading to prolonged illnesses, increased healthcare costs, and potentially higher mortality rates.

Africa’s Response to AMR

“We cannot ignore this silent threat that disproportionately affects the most vulnerable,” said Dr. Raji Tajudeen, Deputy Director General of the Africa CDC, in a press release. “Combating disease requires resources, and by working with member states and partners, we can save lives.”

Surveillance and Data Collection

Significant progress has been made across Africa in establishing AMR surveillance systems, which are crucial for monitoring the spread of resistant pathogens. The WHO’s Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) has played a pivotal role in this effort, with 34 African countries now participating in the programme. These surveillance initiatives have revealed alarming levels of resistance to common antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporins. For instance, studies in Nigeria have shown resistance rates for some antibiotics exceeding 80%, highlighting the urgency of the situation.

Research and Innovation

Research and innovation are central to Africa’s battle against AMR. The African Society for Infectious Diseases (ASID) and the African Research Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases (ARNNTD) have been crucial in advancing the understanding of resistance mechanisms and developing new antimicrobial agents. Their research particularly focuses on diseases that are often neglected in global health research, such as tuberculosis, malaria, and HIV, which are prevalent in Africa. These efforts have led to the identification of drug-resistant strains and the development of targeted interventions, which are essential in curbing the spread of AMR.

Case Study: Tackling Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa

South Africa has emerged as a global leader in combating drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). Despite facing one of the world’s highest TB burdens, the country’s innovative approach to treating multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) has yielded impressive results. The introduction of bedaquiline, a new drug for MDR-TB, has been transformative, and South Africa’s rapid and widespread adoption of this treatment has led to a significant decline in TB mortality rates. This success underscores the importance of research, access to new drugs, and strong political commitment in the fight against AMR.

African countries have demonstrated strong political commitment to combating AMR, with 40 nations launching national action plans in 2023. These plans focus on enhancing infection prevention, optimising antibiotic use, and promoting public awareness. South Africa’s comprehensive AMR strategy, including hospital antimicrobial stewardship programmes, has significantly reduced antibiotic misuse, setting a precedent for others.

Public awareness campaigns, such as the WHO’s “Resist the Resistance” campaign, have been instrumental in educating the public about the dangers of antibiotic misuse and the importance of hygiene and vaccination. Community-level interventions have also proven effective in reducing the spread of resistant infections in rural and underserved areas. These efforts are crucial in changing behaviours and mitigating the burden of AMR in Africa.

Comparative Analysis: Africa vs. Other Regions

In comparison to other regions, Africa’s approach to AMR has been exemplary in several areas. The continent’s grassroots public health initiatives have been more effective in reducing antibiotic misuse than similar efforts in parts of Asia and Latin America. Africa has also taken a leading role in global AMR surveillance with comprehensive participation in systems like GLASS. This has allowed Africa to contribute valuable data that enhances the global understanding of AMR, often surpassing the contributions of more developed regions.

To maintain and expand its leadership role in the global fight against AMR, Africa will need sustained investment in healthcare infrastructure, continued international collaboration, and the scaling up of successful interventions. Strengthening the capacity of healthcare workers, expanding access to quality diagnostics, and ensuring the availability of affordable antimicrobial agents are essential steps in this journey.

Africa is a leading force in the global fight against AMR. Through robust surveillance, innovative research, and effective public health campaigns, the continent is making significant progress. Organisations like the African Society for Infectious Diseases and the African Research Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases are at the forefront of these efforts. Africa’s leadership offers hope and valuable lessons for other regions facing this daunting challenge.

The post Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR): Africa’s Role in the Global Fight appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.